Conflicts of interest

Authors and reviewers disclose appointments, advisory work, investments, payments, project relationships, close family relationships and other direct interests that could affect research judgement. A business or governance relationship with the subject of the research must be described specifically.

Depending on the significance of the relationship, the Center may publish a disclosure, appoint a different reviewer, commission an additional independent review or require recusal. Disclosure does not by itself invalidate research. A material undisclosed relationship requires correction.

Formal research outputs contain a separate statement on relevant interests. Where there is nothing to disclose, the publication may state that the authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

To report an undisclosed relationship, use the contact page and provide the URL of the work together with material that can be checked.