Use of artificial intelligence

An artificial intelligence tool is not listed as an author. Named authors remain responsible for data, quotations, analysis, code and conclusions.

Where AI has materially assisted with document processing, translation, coding, analysis, charts or drafting, the publication states the tool, purpose, stage of use and method of human review. Routine spelling and layout functions do not require a separate statement.

Authors check facts, figures, quotations, references, calculations, and legal or policy statements produced with model assistance. A reference that cannot be traced to an original source is not published.

Confidential material, personal information and restricted data may not be submitted to an external model service without authorisation. Where a research project has a separate data agreement, the stricter requirement applies.

An omitted AI-use statement, or a material error caused by model output, is handled through the corrections process.